Blender Reference

MMB Drag → Orbit (rotate view around).

Shift + MMB Drag → Pan (move view left/right/up/down).

Scroll Wheel → Zoom in/out.

Ctrl + MMB Drag → Zoom (smooth).

Numpad 1 → Front view.

Numpad 3 → Right view.

Numpad 7 → Top view.

Numpad 9 → Opposite view (back/left/bottom).

Numpad 5 → Toggle Perspective/Orthographic view.

Numpad 0 → Camera view.

. (Period) → Frame selected object.

Object Mode → Move/rotate/scale whole objects.

Edit Mode (Tab) → Edit mesh points/edges/faces.

Sculpt Mode → Sculpt mesh like clay.

Vertex Paint → Paint vertex colors.

Weight Paint → Paint bone influence weights.

Texture Paint → Paint textures directly on the model.

Left Click → Select object (default).

Shift + Click → Add/remove from selection.

A → Select all / deselect all.

B → Box select.

C → Circle select.

Ctrl + I → Invert selection.

G → Grab/Move object.

R → Rotate object.

S → Scale object.

X / Y / Z (after G/R/S) → Constrain to axis.

Shift + X/Y/Z → Exclude an axis (move in the other two).

Ctrl (while moving) → Snap to increments.

Shift (while moving) → Fine movement.

Alt + G → Clear location.

Alt + R → Clear rotation.

Alt + S → Clear scale.

Shift + A → Add menu (mesh, light, camera, etc).

Mesh → Cube, Sphere, Plane, Cylinder, etc.

Light → Point, Sun, Spot, Area light.

Camera → Adds a camera.

Empty → Helper object for parenting/animation.

Tab → Toggle Object/Edit mode.

1 → Vertex select mode.

2 → Edge select mode.

3 → Face select mode.

E → Extrude selected geometry.

I → Inset faces.

F → Create face (fill).

Ctrl + R → Loop cut.

K → Knife tool (cut manually).

M → Merge vertices.

X → Delete vertices/edges/faces.

Alt + Click (edge) → Select edge loop.

Ctrl + Click (edge) → Select edge ring.

Modifier → Non-destructive effect applied to object.

Subdivision Surface → Smooths mesh by adding geometry.

Mirror → Mirrors mesh across an axis.

Array → Repeats object multiple times.

Bevel → Adds rounded edges.

Solidify → Adds thickness to a surface.

Boolean → Cut/union/intersect with another object.

Material → Defines surface look (color, roughness, metalness).

Shader Editor → Node-based material editor.

Principled BSDF → Main “all-in-one” shader for realism.

Texture → Image used for color, roughness, normals, etc.

UV Unwrap → Maps 3D surface to 2D texture coordinates.

Point Light → Light in all directions from a point.

Sun Light → Parallel rays like sunlight.

Spot Light → Cone-shaped light.

Area Light → Soft rectangular light.

HDRI → 360° environment image for lighting.

Numpad 0 → Switch to camera view.

Ctrl + Alt + Numpad 0 → Align camera to current view.

Camera Focal Length → Zoom look (35mm, 50mm, etc).

Depth of Field → Blurs background for realism.

Render Engine → Cycles (realistic) or Eevee (real-time).

F12 → Render image.

Ctrl + F12 → Render animation.

Samples → Quality setting (more samples = cleaner).

Denoise → Removes noise from Cycles renders.

Timeline → Where frames are controlled.

Spacebar → Play/Pause animation.

I → Insert keyframe (location/rotation/scale).

Keyframe → Saved value at a frame.

Dope Sheet → Manage keyframes.

Graph Editor → Edit animation curves.

Armature → Skeleton used to animate models.

Bone → One part of an armature.

Parent to Armature → Connect mesh to bones.

Weight Paint → Control how bones affect the mesh.

.blend → Blender project file.

File > Save → Save project.

File > Append → Bring objects from another blend.

File > Import → Import FBX/OBJ/GLTF, etc.

File > Export → Export FBX/OBJ/GLTF, etc.